Manuel Carrondo, PhD, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Oeiras, Portugal, provides an overview of the current landscape of viral vector-based gene therapy, several of which have already received regulatory approval for the treatment of a number of different diseases. Dr Carrondo draws comparisons with the field of antibody-based cancer therapy and expects the interest in this field of research to continue to grow in a similar manner, particularly for the treatment of rare diseases. This interview took place at the Advanced Therapies Congress & Expo 2021.