Arun Srivastava, PhD, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, discusses the need for the development of next-generation adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors. Since the host immune system is unable to distinguish between naturally occurring AAVs and the first generation of AAV vectors designed for therapeutic gene delivery, it targets both equally. In order to improve the safety and reduce the immune system’s response to AAV-based gene therapies, it is therefore important to develop novel AAV vectors that are distinct from naturally occurring AAVs by modifying the vector capsids. This interview took place during the American Society for Cell & Gene Therapy 24th Annual Meeting 2021.