Valeria Chiono, PhD, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy, discusses issues in developing regenerative therapies for cardiovascular diseases. As cardiac tissue does not regenerate, direct reprogramming techniques enable cardiac fibroblasts to turn into myocytes. However, designing appropriate nanoparticles to efficiently deliver the relevant cell therapy to the affected, as well sourcing mature fibroblasts that will integrate with tissue to avoid side effects such as arrythmia remain major barriers that need to be overcome. This interview took place at the 6th World Congress of the Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine International Society (TERMIS 2021).